Om klimaatdoelen te halen is het nodig, kernenergie ook mee te nemen in de berekeningen, schrijft Geert-Jan de Haas, programma-manager nucleair onderzoek bij NRG in Petten.
De aandacht voor kernenergie neemt toe. Minister Eric Wiebes van economische zaken en klimaat heeft de exploitant van kerncentrale Borssele gevraagd of ‘hij het technisch en bedrijfseconomisch mogelijk acht met inachtneming van daarvoor benodigde investeringen, dat de levensduur van de kerncentrale op een veilige manier wordt verlengd, en zo ja voor welke periode’. Dat blijkt uit zijn beantwoording van Kamervragen van het CDA.
Ook heeft hij meerdere onderzoeken laten uitvoeren naar de mogelijke rol van kernenergie in een CO2-vrije energiehuishouding. Een goed voorbeeld is de recente scenariostudie van de bureaus Berenschot en Kalavasta.
Dat er in ons land steeds meer wordt nagedacht over kernenergie is een goede stap. Er wordt daarmee gehoor gegeven aan de al langer klinkende oproep van onder meer het IPCC om kernenergie mee te nemen in de berekeningen. Een punt van aandacht is de eenzijdige fixatie op de kosten die uit de uitgevoerde studies naar voren komt.
Bij de keuzes voor CO2-neutrale elektriciteitsbronnen is het niet verstandig om de nadruk louter op financiële, kortetermijnargumenten te leggen. Daarmee ontneem je meteen al het zicht op de maatschappelijke baten. Zonder subsidies en stimuleringsregelingen zouden zon en wind immers ook niet op de huidige schaal beschikbaar zijn.
Als wij de klimaatdoelen willen halen, moeten álle substantiële en waardevolle CO2-vrije energiebronnen een gelijke kans krijgen, ook financieel. Dat kan via het doorberekenen van álle kosten in de kWh-prijs, ongeacht de elektriciteitsbron. Dus bijvoorbeeld ook de gesubsidieerde miljarden van het ‘stopcontact op zee’ in de prijs van windenergie. Dat is iets waarvoor ook de Oeso pleit, maar waar Nederland niet voor gekozen heeft.
Gelijk speelveld
Zo kan een gelijk speelveld ontstaan voor alle bronnen. En dan wordt kernenergie opeens heel interessant. Kernenergie is immers een bewezen technologie waarmee wij in Nederland en de rest van West-Europa al zestig jaar ervaring hebben. Kernenergie is beslist geen experiment met onzekere uitkomst. Het is een betrouwbare bron die nu al 25 procent van de elektriciteitsproductie in de EU voor haar rekening neemt. Zonder CO2 uit te stoten.
We leven, zoals Berenschot en Kalavasta terecht vaststellen, in een land waar iedere vierkante meter telt. Het is een feit dat je met twee moderne kerncentrales minimaal 3500 windturbines kunt vervangen. Dat is interessant. Wind-op-land stuit immers ooit een keer op grenzen en ook voor wind-op-zee is de horizon eindig.
Berenschot en Kalavasta stellen dat je overproductie met duurzame bronnen kunt opslaan in waterstof. Dat dient dan als back-up bij latere energieschaarste. Veel scenario’s met wind en zon in de hoofdrol vullen de back-up in met experimentele technologieën. Naast waterstof wordt ook batterijopslag genoemd. Zowel financieel als technisch is dit zeer risicovol. Als het experiment mislukt, staat de leveringszekerheid van elektriciteit meteen op het spel.
Moderne kerncentrales kunnen met hun regelbaar vermogen variaties in het aanbod van duurzame bronnen opvangen. Dit geeft zekerheid. Kernenergie als zogenaamde basislast is bewezen technologie en maakt risicovolle experimenten overbodig.
Onze oproep is: laat in toekomstscenario’s de technische en maatschappelijke voordelen van kernenergie niet verdwijnen onder financiële kortetermijnargumenten. Betrek ook die voor de lange termijn. Leg alle energiebronnen langs dezelfde meetlat. De samenleving is over enkele decennia gediend met een betaalbare én betrouwbare CO2-vrije energievoorziening.
Lees ook:
Waarom blokkeert groen kernenergie als oplossing?
De ernst van de klimaatcrisis maakt een oude vraag weer actueel: waarom blokkeert de groene beweging kernenergie – dé oplossing voor de CO₂-problematiek? Een Amerikaanse beleidsanalist geeft antwoorden.
Zie de werkelijkheid onder onder ogen en bouw kerncentrales
Zie de werkelijkheid onder ogen en laat kerncentrales bouwen, zodat straks niemand in de kou hoeft te zitten, bepleit ingenieur Jan van Erp, voormalig vice-voorzitter van de Ilinois Commission on Atomic Energy.
Bron: Trouw
Door: Geert-Jan de Haas
Datum: 22 mei 2020
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